Abstract

In this talk, I explore the ethical dimensions of using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), focusing on the critical role of mental actions—such as intention formation and imagination—as prerequisites for BCI -mediated overt actions. Considering the recent case of Neuralink’s first brain implant patient, I present a novel problem – the contemplation conundrum – in brain-computer interface tool use. This issue revolves around how BCIs interpret and overtly act upon mental actions, which poses significant ethical challenges concerning implementational control, agency, and an erosion of privacy of thought. As these technologies edge towards commercialization, the plausibility of unintentional overt actions through BCI usage amplifies these concerns. To address these issues, I propose an expanded research agenda aimed at understanding the neural correlates of intention formation and imagination, which is crucial for developing neurotechnology that is both safe and ethically aligned.