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SUMMARY:From development to deep time: the macroevolutionary consequences 
 of phenotypic integration in living and extinct tetrapods - Prof Anjali Go
 swami\, Natural History Museum\, London
DTSTART:20190515T120000Z
DTEND:20190515T130000Z
UID:TALK124228@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Kate Criswell
DESCRIPTION:Interactions among morphological traits\, or phenotypic integr
 ation\, reflect genetic\, developmental\, and functional relationships amo
 ng traits and can significantly bias morphological evolution. Simulations 
 using theoretical and empirical trait covariance matrices confirm that int
 egration can result in both more and less disparate organisms\, and most o
 ften the latter\, than would be expected under unconstrained evolution. Ho
 wever\, high rates can persist even when morphological disparity is constr
 ained by trait integration. Similar to a “fly in a tube”\, trait integ
 ration may restrict evolution to particular regions of possible morphospac
 e\, but it doesn’t necessarily limit the pace of evolution within those 
 regions. Importantly\, high evolutionary rates within restricted regions o
 f morphospace would be expected to result in a high degree of convergence 
 and homoplasy. \n\nHere\, I discuss the patterns of cranial phenotypic int
 egration and morphological evolution in a dataset spanning over 1000 speci
 es of living and extinct tetrapod species and representing over 300 millio
 n years of evolution. While most large-scale studies of phenotypic integra
 tion and morphological evolution utilise relatively limited descriptors of
  morphology\, hindering comparisons across clades\, surface sliding semi-l
 andmark analysis allows for detailed quantification of complex 3D shapes\,
  even across highly disparate taxa.  Our dense 3D morphometric dataset of 
 700-1500 landmarks and sliding semi-landmarks demonstrates that patterns o
 f cranial modularity are generally conserved across large clades (e.g.\, w
 ithin mammals\, birds\, squamates\, caecilians)\, there are clear shifts i
 n patterns of integration across these clades. Tempo and mode are similarl
 y highly variable across cranial regions and clades\, with high variance c
 oncentrated in neural crest-derived regions\, in particular the jaw joint 
 and facial regions. While some clades show evidence that high integration 
 constrains morphological evolution\, there is not a consistent pattern of 
 constraint across tetrapods.
LOCATION:Part II Lecture Theatre\, Department of Zoology
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