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SUMMARY:Recent insights into drug resistant Shigella: a major contributor 
 to the global diarrhoeal disease burden - Stephen Baker\, Professor of mol
 ecular microbiology\, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology &amp\;
  Infectious Disease 
DTSTART:20200117T130000Z
DTEND:20200117T140000Z
UID:TALK128971@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Rosa Attwood
DESCRIPTION:Diarrhoea is a major global health problem\, and recent studie
 s have confirmed a group of bacteria known as Shigella are a major contrib
 utor to this burden. People living in\, or travelling to\, areas with poor
  sanitation are at increased risk of becoming infected. Infants and toddle
 rs\, the elderly\, and ill people are susceptible to the most severe sympt
 oms\, including serious complications such as dehydration. \n \nFluoroquin
 olone antibiotics remain the recommended therapy for shigellosis\, despite
  the sporadic detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella in Asia in t
 he early 2000s and subsequent global spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shi
 gella sonnei from 2010. The potential for ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella
  sonnei to develop resistance to alternative drugs may further limit futur
 e treatment options. Antimicrobial resistance is therefore a major emergin
 g threat in treating Shigella. \n\nMy research aimed to understand the evo
 lution of new antimicrobial resistant (AMR) S. sonnei variants in Vietnam.
  We found that ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei displaced the exist
 ing non-resistant form while rapidly acquiring additional resistance to mu
 ltiple alternative antimicrobial classes. We identified several independen
 t acquisitions of XDR/MDR-inducing plasmids\, likely facilitated by horizo
 ntal transfer from commensals in the human gut. By examining commensal E. 
 coli in Shigella-infected and healthy children\, we identified an extensiv
 e array of AMR genes and plasmids\, including an identical MDR plasmid iso
 lated from both S. sonnei and E. coli in the gut of a single child. We als
 o found that the use of antimicrobial drugs may impact plasmid transfer be
 tween commensal E. coli and S. sonnei.  These results suggest that in a se
 tting with high antimicrobial drug use and a high prevalence of AMR commen
 sals ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei may develop pan-resistance by
  adherence to outdated international treatment guidelines.\n \nThis semina
 r will be chaired by Daniela De Angelis\, Deputy Director of the MRC Biost
 atistics Unit\, University of Cambridge.\n\nFurther reading:\n\nhttps://ww
 w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6143181/\n\nhttps://nanoporetech.com/re
 source-centre/ciprofloxacin-facilitates-transfer-xdr-plasmids-commensal-e-
 coli-epidemic#\n \nhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6143181/\n
LOCATION:Large Seminar Room\, 1st Floor\, Institute of Public Health\, Uni
 versity Forvie Site\, Robinson Way\, Cambridge
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