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SUMMARY:CPB Seminar -  Kazu Maeshima  - Kazu Maeshima (National Institute 
 of Genetics\, Japan)
DTSTART:20230123T150000Z
DTEND:20230123T160000Z
UID:TALK194887@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Margarida Rodrigues
DESCRIPTION:Chromatin behavior during cell cycle revealed by single-nucleo
 some imaging/tacking\n\n\nDynamic chromatin behavior plays a critical role
  in various genome functions (1). However\, it remains unclear how chromat
 in behavior changes during cell cycle. In interphase\, the nucleus enlarge
 s\, and genomic DNA doubles. It was previously reported that chromatin mov
 ements varied during interphase when measured using a minute or longer tim
 e-scale. However\, using single-nucleosome imaging/tracking (2)\, we unvei
 l that local chromatin motion on a second time-scale remained steady throu
 ghout G1\, S and G2 phases in live human cells (3). This motion mode appea
 red to change beyond this time-scale. A defined genomic region also behave
 d similarly during interphase. Combined with Brownian dynamics modeling\, 
 our results suggest that this steady-state chromatin motion was mainly dri
 ven by thermal fluctuations. Steady-state motion temporarily increased fol
 lowing a DNA damage response. Our findings support the viscoelastic proper
 ties of chromatin. We propose that the observed steady-state chromatin mot
 ion allows cells to conduct housekeeping functions\, such as transcription
  and DNA replication\, under similar environments during interphase (3).\n
 Furthermore\, during mitosis\, copied genome chromatin must be faithfully 
 transmitted into two daughter cells as condensed chromosomes\, whose morph
 ology looks totally different from interphase ones. Our single-nucleosome 
 imaging/tracking demonstrated that mitotic chromatin is much more constrai
 ned than interphase chromatin. Condensins and local nucleosome-nucleosome 
 are major constraining factors during mitosis.\n\nReferences:\n1\, Maeshim
 a\, K.\, Iida\, S.\, Tamura\, S. (2021) Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in
  Biology. a040675.\n2\, Ide\, S.\, Tamura\, S.\, Maeshima\, K. (2022) BioE
 ssays. 44\, 2200043.\n3\, Iida\, S. et al. (2022) Science Advances. 8\, ea
 bn5626\n
LOCATION:Wolfson Lecture Theatre Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry
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