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SUMMARY:Comparative genomics: lessons\, rationales and perspectives - Jero
 me Salse\, INRA Versailles
DTSTART:20111006T150000Z
DTEND:20111006T160000Z
UID:TALK31539@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Jill Harrison
DESCRIPTION:During the last decade\, technological improvements led to the
  development of large sets of plant genomic resources permitting the emerg
 ence of high-resolution comparative genomic studies. In an attempt to unra
 vel the structure and evolution of the plant ancestor genome we have re-as
 sed the synteny and duplications of Angiosperm genomes to identify and cha
 racterize shared duplications. We combined the data on the intra-genomic d
 uplications with those on the colinear blocks and found duplicated segment
 s that have been conserved at orthologous positions since the divergence o
 f plants. By conducting detailed analysis of the length\, composition\, an
 d divergence time of the conserved duplications\, we identified common and
  lineage-specific patterns of conservation between the different genomes t
 hat allowed us to propose a model in which the plant genomes have evolved 
 from a common ancestor with a basic number of five/seven chromosomes (90 M
 YA) through whole genome duplications (i.e. paleopolyploidization) and tra
 nslocations followed by lineage specific segmental duplications\, chromoso
 me fusions and translocations (Abrouk et al. 2010\; Murat et al. 2010\; Sa
 lse et al. 2011).\n \nBased on these data an ‘inner circle’ comprising
  5/7 ancestral chromosomes with 10000 protogenes was defined providing a n
 ew reference for the plant chromosomes and new insights into their ancestr
 al relationships that have led to arrange their chromosomes into concentri
 c ‘crop circles’ of synteny blocks (Abrouk et al. 2010). The establish
 ed plant ancestor genome structure in term of chromosome structure and gen
 e content offered the opportunity to study the impact of evolutionary shuf
 fling events such as polyploidizations on (i) genome structure (i.e. mecha
 nism driving the diploidization process)\,  (ii) genome function (i.e. pol
 yploidization resistant vs sensitive genes)\, (iii) genome expression (i.e
 . role of epigenetics on neo/sub-functionalization process)\, (iv) trait e
 laboration (i.e. conserved vs lineage specific traits)\, that will be disc
 ussed in details (Quraishi et al 2011ab).\n
LOCATION:Department of Plant Sciences\, Large Lecture Theatre
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