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SUMMARY:Pleistocene and Holocene in Murchisonforden area\, Nordaustlandet\
 , Svalbard. - Professor Veli-Pekka Salonen\, Dept. of Geosciences and Geog
 raphy\, University of Helsinki (and Visiting fellow at Clare Hall)
DTSTART:20120321T130000Z
DTEND:20120321T134500Z
UID:TALK36935@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Steven Palmer
DESCRIPTION:The research campaign formed part of International Polar Year 
 (2007-2009) activities (IPY-Kinnvika)\, which made it possible to run thre
 e expeditions to High Arctic terrains of Northaustlandet (Svalbard). These
  areas normally have very difficult access. The target was to reconstruct 
 the glacier history of the Barents Ice Sheet within its north-westernmost 
 sector which has thusfar been only little studied. The area is important p
 alaeoclimatologically because influenced by relatively warm North Atlantic
  waters\, and because the reactions of the glaciers to climate fluctuation
 s are known to be fast and extreme.\n\nSediments from entire Weichselian g
 lacial Stage were located and related with other similar records from all 
 around Spitsbergen (Kaakinen et al. 2008). The Weichselian record found re
 presented three stadials and two interstadials. The Mid-Weichselian stadia
 l ca. 60-50 000 BP affected the area most heavily causing areal scouring o
 f the landscape and depositing tills. During the latest glacial phase\, 25
 000 - 15000 BP\, frozen bed conditions prevailed leading to an almost non-
 existing erosion or deposition of strata. Deglaciation was dated to ca. 12
  500 years ago.\n\nHolocene foraminiferal assemblages from Isvika bay sedi
 ments indicate a transition from glacier-proximal to glacier-distal faunas
  with a clear indication of the inflow of warmer North Atlantic waters in 
 the early Holocene (Kubischta et al. 2011). The climatic optimum was termi
 nated by a glacier re-advance that occurred 6000 years ago. This event cau
 sed the deposition of waterlain till\, that disturbed the glacio-isostatic
  emerging of the shores and changed local chironomid fauna to indicate gen
 erally colder lake temperatures (Luoto et al. 2011).  Since the Mid-Holoce
 ne\, foraminifera and ice rafted detritus (IRD-) record indicate a gradual
  cooling climatic trend. Lacustrine faunal changes testify to major enviro
 nmental turnovers\, including a total decline of a previously unknown ende
 mic cladocera species (Nevalainen et al. 2011). \n\nReferences\nKaakinen\,
  A.\, Salonen\, V.P.\, Kubischta\, A.\, Eskola\, K.O. ja Oinonen\, M. 2009
 . Weichselian glacial stage in Murchisonfjorden\, Nordaustlandet\, Svalbar
 d. Boreas 38:718-729.\nKubischta\, F.\, Knudsen\, K.L.\, Ojala\, A. ja Sal
 onen\, V-P. 2011. Holocene benthic foraminiferal record from a high-arctic
  fjord\, Nordaustlandet\, Svalbard. Geographiska Annaler 93\, 227-242.\nLu
 oto\, T.P.\, Nevalainen\, L.\, Kubischta\, F.\, Kultti\, S.\, Knudsen\, K.
 L.\, ja Salonen\, V-P. 2011. Late Quaternary ecological turnover in a High
  Arctic Lake Einstaken\, Nordaustlandet\, Svalbard (80 °N). Geographiska 
 Annaler\, 93\, 337-354. \nNevalainen\, L.\, Van Damme\, K.\, Luoto. T.P. j
 a Salonen\, V-P. 2011.- Fossil remains of an unknown Alona species (Chydor
 idae\, Aloninae) from a high arctic lake in Nordaustlandet\, Svalbard\, an
 d its relation to glaciation and Holocene environmental history. Polar Bio
 logy\, 35\, 325–333.\n
LOCATION:Scott Polar Research Institute\, main lecture theatre
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