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SUMMARY:Resonance and Entrainment in the Synchronous Reproduction of Music
 al Pulse: Developments in Childhood - Leon van Noorden\, Institute for Psy
 cho-acoustics and Electronic Music (IPEM) Ghent University
DTSTART:20131216T180000Z
DTEND:20131216T193000Z
UID:TALK49345@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Professor Ian Cross
DESCRIPTION:Van Noorden and Moelants (1999) postulated a resonance around 
 2 Hz in the human perceptual system to explain the range of tempi in which
  one can perceive a pulse or beat in music. In this paper\, the question h
 ow this resonance develops in childhood is addressed: Is the resonance alr
 eady present in young children?  Is it at the same tempo range and is it w
 eaker or stronger than in adults? To answer these questions an experiment 
 was performed on how well children between the ages of 3 and 11 years (N=4
 21)\, can synchronise their tapping to the beat of common children’s son
 gs with a tempo of 80 to 160 beats per minute. To make sure that even the 
 youngest children could understand the task an avatar tapping along with t
 he pulse of the music was projected during part of each song. To the child
 ren from feeling alone in front of the experimenters (which can be a probl
 em for the youngest ones) they did the tapping in groups of 4. The seating
  had two conditions: seeing their peers and not seeing their peers. It was
  confirmed that children aged 3 and 4 can only tap in a narrow range aroun
 d 2 Hz. Between the ages of 4 and 7 children expand the range in which the
 y can synchronise\, from a little faster\, but primarily towards much slow
 er tempi. This supports a resonance model for pulse perception in which th
 e characteristic frequency\, near 2 Hz\, remains the same\, but in which t
 he damping of the resonance increases with age\, even up to critical dampi
 ng.  Also\, the phase of tapping changes with the tempo according to a res
 onance model.  Seeing their peers helped the children of 4 to 6 years old 
 to perform better on the tapping task\, children of 8 to 9 performed worse
 \, especially the boys. I will also discuss some recent analyses on the en
 trainment between the 4 children.
LOCATION:Faculty of Music\, Lecture Room 1
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