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SUMMARY:Disordered Hyperuniform Many-Particle Systems: New States of Amorp
 hous Matter - Salvatore Torquato  Dept. of Chemistry\, Dept. of Physics\, 
 Materials Institute and Applied &amp\; Computational Mathematics\, Princet
 on University
DTSTART:20151207T160000Z
DTEND:20151207T170000Z
UID:TALK62327@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Lucy Colwell
DESCRIPTION:While there are four commonly observed states of matter (solid
  crystal\, liquid\, gas\, and plasma)\, we have known for some time now th
 at there exist many other forms of matter. For example\, both quasicrystal
 s and liquid crystals are states of matter that possess properties that ar
 e intermediate between those of crystals and conventional liquids. The foc
 us of my talk will be disordered hyperuniform many-body systems [1]\, whic
 h can be regarded to be a new state of disordered matter in that they beha
 ve more like crystals or quasicrystals in the manner in which they suppres
 s large-scale density fluctuations\, and yet are also like liquids and gla
 sses because they are statistically isotropic structures with no Bragg pea
 ks. Thus\, disordered hyperuniform systems can be regarded to possess a "h
 idden order" that is not apparent on short length scales\, while being str
 ucturally rotationally invariant. I will describe a variety of different e
 xamples of such disordered states of matter that arise in physics\, mathem
 atics and biology [2]. Among other results\, I will describe classical gro
 und states that are disordered\, hyperuniform and highly degenerate over a
  wide range of densities up to some critical density\, below which the sys
 tem undergoes a phase transition to ordered states [2]. Disordered hyperun
 iform systems appear to be endowed with novel physical properties\, includ
 ing complete photonic band gaps comparable in size to those in photonic cr
 ystals [3] and improved electronic band-gap properties. Moreover\, we have
  recently shown that photoreceptor cell patterns (responsible for detectin
 g light) in avian retina have evolved to be disordered and hyperuniform [4
 ].\n\n1. S. Torquato and F. H. Stillinger\, "Local Density Fluctuations\,\
 nHyperuniform Systems\, and Order Metrics\," Phys. Rev. E\, 68\, 041113\n(
 2003).\n\n2. S. Torquato\, G. Zhang\, and F. H. Stillinger\, Ensemble Theo
 ry for\nStealthy Hyperuniform Disordered Ground States\, Phys. Rev. X\,\n5
 \,021020 (2015).\n\n3. M. Florescu\, S. Torquato and P. J. Steinhardt\, "D
 esigner Disordered\nMaterials with Large\, Complete Photonic Band Gaps\," 
 Proc. Nat. Acad.\nSci.\, 106\, 20658 (2009).\n\n4. Y. Jiao\, T. Lau\, H. H
 aztzikirou\, M. Meyer-Hermann\, J. C. Corbo\, and\nS. Torquato\, Avian Pho
 toreceptor Patterns Represent a Disordered\nHyperuniform Solution to a Mul
 tiscale Packing Problem\, Physical Review\nE\, 89\, 022721 (2014).
LOCATION:Department of Chemistry\, Cambridge\, Pfizer lecture theatre
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