Abstract

The availability of specific imaging probes is the “nuclear fuel” for molecular imaging by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT). These two radiotracer based imaging modalities represent the prototype methods for non-invasive depiction and quantification of biochemical processes, allowing a functional characterization of biology in the living organism. A variety of powerful radiolabeled probes tracers are already established in the routine clinical management of human disease and others are currently subject to clinical assessment. Emerging from investigations of the genomic and proteomic signatures of cancer cells, an increasing number of promising targets are being identified, including receptors, enzymes, transporters and antigens. Corresponding probes for these newly-identified targets need to be developed and transferred into the clinical setting. An overview of tracer concepts, target selection and development strategies for radiotracers is given and the potential impact of µ-fluidic systems for routine tracer production is discussed.